Environment
1.01 Mixed Paper: It includes pressed, used, printed, various 1st quality pulp, glossy, collected newspaper, book, magazine, used chrome cardboard and corrugated packages in a mixed way.
2.02 Returned Newspaper: They are the newspapers returned to the publishers as they have not been sold at newspaper stands. They are as small bales tied with rope.
4.01 Corrugated Scrap: They are the pressed edge bits and production wastes of the manufacturers manufacturing corrugated parcel.
2.05 First Quality Pulp Scrap: VIt included pressed various 11st quality pulp and glossy scraps, collected notebook and book in a mixed way.
What do we understand from waste paper?
Waste paper is a product that constitutes a great importance in world’s economy that we are not aware of it; even we are aware, we are not sensitive against waste paper. The main material cellulose required for paper is in our trees. Therefore, waste paper means tree, forest, water, air that we breath, in brief it is life. It’s been understood from here that we have to protect our forests carefully.
Forests: They are richest of the eatable natural energy resources. They are the merciless enemy of erosion, guard of the soils of our country. Agriculture is the insurance of the soils. They are the treasure that stores water and consumes little by little. They are the natural barrier for flood disasters and the computer of water economy. They are the production resource of oxygen required for all living beings. Forest is on the top of the list for the natural resources in the world generating oxygen. The trees in the forests have a contribution of 66% to the oxygen amount generated by the plant living on land with the oxygen of 93 billion tons generated in one year. Therefore, destruction of the forests can be described as an “ecologic crisis” meaning that the air to be breathed is destroyed. The monetary value of the ecologic function created by forests to prevent soil erosion is well over estimations. According to the evaluations, it is known that the water and energy saving provided by the forests just by keeping the soils to go to the dams is 6 billion dollars in a year for the whole world. The forests, together with Amazon forests which are called as the lung of our world, are getting decreased. Despite this, it is thought-provoking that we still have not comprehended the value of waste paper. The authorized units (Governorship, Municipality, Environment Directorate, Rectorship) and non-governmental organizations have a great role in providing awareness to our people about the importance of waste paper.
Waste Paper in Turkey
An increase around 12% since 1999 in the paper and cardboard industry is observed in our country. The satisfactory side of this increase is that the world’s most advanced technologies are used in terms of the speed and wideness of the new manufacturing investments made in either corrugated cardboard industry and cleaning paper industry. Furthermore, advanced technologies are used in various levels of private industry paper machines in our country. It is also a satisfactory matter that the private industry paper machines are followed up and used in our country. The waste paper in our country is used in manufacturing of all kinds excluding newspaper paper, craft paper and cigarette paper. Waste paper is particularly used in high amounts in the manufacturing of corrugated cardboard and cardboard types. The manufacturing capacities of these types are mainly located at Marmara Region. Furthermore, 60% of the manufactured waste paper is consumed in this region. The paper consumption of countries is dependent to the life quality. The paper consumption per person is accepted as a criterion in measuring the development levels of the countries. The papers with high recycling rate in waste papers are the corrugated and mixed type papers. The processing amount of the waste paper for recycling is five. The paper which has been processed five times, in other words offered for use for five times, looses its properties and will not be collected and processed again. The reason of this is the wear out occurring on the fibers of the papers processed. However, the problem is eliminated if the recycled paper and non-processed fiber rate are balanced in the pulp.
Factors Influencing Recycling of Paper
- The non-processed fiber rate within the paper,
- Waste paper type used in manufacturing,
- Refinery technologies of foreign substances,
- Wet pulp chemistry,
- Dimension and coil press applications,
- Transformation and printing process,
- Printing inks,
- The foreign substances used in transformation process,
- Collection and classification systems,
- Quality expectations of the market,
- The type of the paper to be manufactured.
Collection of Waste Papers
If it is required to classify the waste paper collection in our country, we can classify it as: collectors, small warehouses, mobile wholesalers, wholesalers, big wholesalers and the purchase facilities of the factories.
Collectors: This group is constituted from the individuals having collection vehicle. They usually sell goods to the wholesalers having warehouse. The waste papers they collect are generally household wastes.
Small Warehouses: They own warehouses. They both receive paper from the collectors and they collect with their own vehicles. While some warehouses carry out only paper purchase, some of them may purchase other waster products.
Mobile Wholesalers: They purchase from warehouses and rarely from factories and workplaces with their own vehicles. They sell the waste papers they have purchased to the purchase facilities of the factories or to bigger wholesalers.
Wholesalers: They have warehouses, collection vehicles, presses and other equipment. They deliver the goods they purchase to the factories or purchase facilities of factories.
Big wholesalers: They have all properties of the wholesalers. They work with high capacity machine and equipment. They purchase goods from other wholesalers, warehouses, factories and workplaces.
Factory purchase facilities: They are the facilities having the most advanced machine and equipment. They purchase from wholesalers, warehouses, factories and workplaces.